SLANG, YOUTH SUBCULTURES AND ROCK MUSIC(eng)
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5. GOTH Main Entry: Goth Main Entry: Goth Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Goth emerged in the late 1970’s, branching off of the punk scene. A band by the name of Siouxsie and the Banshees are accredited with the starting of the Goths. Gothic music differs from punk to the effect that it eliminated the chainsaw sound of punk and replaced it with a droning sound of guitar, bass, and drums. The Goths also believed that society was too conservative, but they also felt that no one accepted them, so they viewed themselves as outcasts of society. Goths are preoccupied with introspection and melancholia. They are inclined to speak poetically of 'beautiful deaths' and vampiric sympathies. Theatrical as they are, goths are not (or not only) play-acting and self-dramatizing. The Goths wear almost nothing but black, perhaps with a little white or even red. Goth girls have a penchant for nets and lace and complex sinister jewelry; with their long black hair, black dresses and pasty complexions, they look positively Victorian. Boys have long hair and often wear black leather jackets and can at times be mistaken for heshers. Goths dye their hair black and wear black eyeliner and even black lipstick. They usually apply white makeup to the rest of their faces. The music they listen to also carries the name "goth" and seems to have descended from Joy Division, but typically the vocalist uses an especially cheesy 50's Count Dracula enunciation pattern. Unlikely as it may seem, this movement, fostered at a
London nightclub called the Batcave in 1981, has become one of the
longest-enduring youth-culture tribes. The original Goths, named after the
medieval Gothic era, were pale-faced, black-swathed, hair-sprayed night
dwellers, who worshiped imagery religious and sacrilegious, consumptive poets,
and all things spooky. Their bands included Sex Gang Children, Specimen, and
Alien Sex Fiend, post-punk doom merchants who sang of horror-film imagery and
transgressive sex. When Goth returned to the underground in Britain, it took root
in the U.S., particularly in sunny California, where the desired air of
funereal gloom was often at odds with the participants' natural teen spirit.
English bands like Bauhaus, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and the Sisters of Mercy
cast a powerful spell over the imaginations of American night stalkers, and
pop-Goth variants the Cure and Depeche Mode filled stadiums. Further proof of
the movement's mass appeal was the success of The Crow horror movies
(1994, 1996), both of which were suffused with Goth imagery.
6. INDUSTRIAL Music genre that originated in London in 1976 when confrontational noisemakers Throbbing Gristle founded the Industrial Records label. Disappointed that punk rock had joined the rock 'n' roll tradition instead of destroying it, British and American fellow travelers like Leather Nun, Monte Cazzazza, and Cabaret Voltaire aligned themselves with Industrial Records, creating a broad church for (usually rhythmic) experiments with noise collage, found sounds, and extreme lyrical themes. Believing that punk's revolution could be realized only by severing its roots in traditional rock, industrial bands deployed noise, electronics, hypnotic machine rhythms, and tape loops. Instead of rallying youth behind political slogans, industrial artists preferred to "decondition" the individual listener by confronting taboos. Key literary influences were J.G. Ballard's anatomies of aberrant sexuality and the paranoid visions and "cut-up" collage techniques of William S. Burroughs.The industrial subculture (touching on transgressive fiction (Contemporary fiction-writing trend that prowls the psycho-narco-sexual frontiers and "dysfunctional" relationships of the Marquis de Sade, William Burroughs, and serial killers.), S/M (sadism and masochism), and piercing) spread worldwide.
7. HARDCORE Main Entry: hard core Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Following the “death” of punk in the late 1970’s was a
hard and heavy form of punk known as Hardcore. Hardcore is faster, louder, and
heavier than the punk of the 1970’s, and it gained much popularity over the
early and mid 1980’s. Typically the
vocals are screamed and unintelligible, though they frequently give voice to
strong political sentiments, the bass is played with a pick and is clear and
tonal while the guitar forms a dynamic, often atonal, texture of sound. rock
and roll radio. Bands such as Black Flag, D.O.A., Circle Jerks, Fear, Bad
Brains, The Meatmen, Agent Orange and Minor Threat were the major influences in
Hardcore, and the idea of slam dancing was born in the tradition of punks “pogo
dancing”. This slam dancing, or moshing, was done in a mosh pit and was accompanied
by the occasional stage diving or crowd surfing. The main message of Hardcore
was “DIY”, or Do It Yourself.
8. STRAIGHT EDGE
The DIY style of Hardcore
gave way to other subcultures of punk, one in particular is known as sXe, or
Straight Edge. Most of the sXe credit is given to the band Minor Threat after
they released their song “Straight Edge”. The song was an outcry against the
effects of drugs, and fans of Minor Threat started to quit using
non-pharmaceutical drugs like nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana. These Straight
Edgers felt that using drugs was a sign of weakness, and they still dressed as
normal punks did, but wore anti drug messages on their shirts. The symbol of
Straight Edgers is a large X, originally a symbol that clubs would mark on hands
if the person was not old enough to (legally) drink. Eventually Straight Edgers
started to put the marks on by themselves, even if they were over 21, to
signify that they were living drug-free. Other movements that found their way
into the Hardcore DIY scene were Green Peace, the Vegan Movement, concerts
raising money for the homeless, and the Hare Krishnas, as well as other
religious groups.
9. GRUNGE Main Entry: grunge Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Grunge, rock music style of the early 1990s, characterized by a thick, abrasive, distorted guitar sound. Grunge evolved from punk in the Seattle, Washington, area and came to prominence with the chart success of the band Nirvana in 1991. Grunge is said to have originated as marriage between Seattle's hesher and punk scenes. Characteristic of most of these bands is punk rock drums and vocals, hesher hair and guitar, and working-class clothing that is rarely washed. Lyrics frequently confront such uncomfortable subjects as unpopularity, alienation from divorced parents, disease, the hypocrisy and allure of religion, heroin, and raw lust. Grunge may or may not be a useful term to describe a segment of youth delinquency, but with historical perspective, it is best used to describe a record company phenomenon. Grunge was a revolution, the revolution where punk rock was decisively injected into mainstream rock and roll. Numerous culture makers
embarrassed themselves in the rush to exploit the most vital white youth
culture in years. Grunge "fashion"--the perennial flannel shirt/combat boots/ripped jeans uniform of
suburban burnouts everywhere--was suddenly used as an exotic novelty by
designers.
10. ALTERNATIVE Main Entry: 1al·ter·na·tive Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
11. METAL Main Entry: heavy metal Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Heavy metal emerged in the late 60s mostly from bands such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple. Such bands tended to be "hard" in that they succeeded in torturing parents in ways that the Beatles just couldn't, but in most respects they were very different from one another. Later, bands like Judas Priest and Iron Maiden added to the genre as it expanded into and borrowed from pop. This culminated in the late 80s diversification of heavy metal into several completely different branches. There were the blues-based big haired glam metal bands such as Great White and Motley Crew that sang exclusively about babes, there were the attitude bands like Guns 'n' Roses who also sang about babes (with an emphasis on how easy they are to get into bed), there were the dark and mysterious alternative metal bands like Nirvana and Soundgarden that avoided glamour and sang about angst and other water sign issues, there were the bands like Living Colour, Fishbone and Faith No More that were either black or borrowed from rap and soul culture, and there were the fast bands like Slayer and Metallica that sent many a parent in search of an exorcist. Although the origin of the term heavy metal is widely attributed to novelist William Burroughs, its use actually dates well back into the 19th century, when it referred to cannon or to power more generally. It also has been used to classify certain elements or compounds, as in the phrase heavy metal poisoning. Heavy metal appeared in the lyrics of Steppenwolf's "Born to be Wild" (1968), and by the early 1970s rock critics were using it to refer to a specific style of music. Heavy metal has historically required one thing of its performers: long hair. Heavy metal musicians and fans came under severe criticism in the 1980s. Political and academic groups sprang up to blame the genre and its fans for causing everything from crime and violence to despondency and suicide. But defenders of the music pointed out that there was no evidence that heavy metal's exploration of madness and horror caused, rather than articulated, these social ills. The genre's lyrics and imagery have long addressed a wide range of topics, and its music has always been more varied and virtuosic than critics like to admit. Heavy metal fragmented into subgenres (such as lite metal, death metal, and even Christian metal) in the 1980s.
SPEED METAL - a genré of music typified by a continuous double-bass drum roll, high-speed distorted guitar rhythms, an almost silent bass, and screeched or groaned vocals concerning war, death, fighting, environmental abuse, brutality, and (in rare cases) lust. The main problem with most speed metal bands is that they still see a need to put guitar solos in their songs, and the guitar solos are always really bad and last entirely too long. Speed metal seems to be a result of a marriage between punk rock and heavy metal. . Examples of speed metal bands: Kreator, Exodus, Nuclear Assault, Megadeth, Prong, Pantera
THRASH METAL - speed metal with an especially strong punk influence. While in general speed metal musicians pride themselves on their talent and knowledge of music theory, thrash musicians laugh at such concepts or else skillfully conceal their acquaintance with them. Examples of thrash bands: DRI, Tool, some Suicidal Tendencies, and even some Black Flag.
V. DICTIONARY 1. Dictionary of youth slang during 1960-70’s acid (n) LSD, a narcotic drug popular among hippies. see psychedelic, bad
trip. aquarian (adj.) we're not sure exactly what this means, but it has something to
do with the "Age of Aquarius" and the musical Hair. psychedelic (adj) of or related to a mental state characterized
by a profound sense of intensified sensory perception, sometimes accompanied by
severe perceptual distortion, hallucinations, or extreme feelings of euphoria
or despair. see acid.
2. Dictionary of modern British slang
These phrases are in everyday use around most of Britain.
Phrase Meaning --------------------------------------------------------------------- 99 a popular style of ice cream, usually ordered with a 'flake' 'A' levels exams taken at age 18 abso-bloody-lutely a more definite form of 'absolutely' afters dessert aggro trouble; violence all broke up on holiday, usually from school all of a twitter very nervous or apprehensive aluminium aluminum arse bottom, or ass arse bandit a homosexual arse over tit to fall head over heels arse about playing around, being silly e.g. "stop arsing about!" artic an articulated lorry; a bick truck Aussie an Australian backhander a bribe bag an unattractive or elderly woman balderdash rubbish; nonsense balls-up a mess; a confusion banger (1) an old car; (2) a sausage barking mad crazy batty dotty; crazy beak magistrate beehive a tall hairstyle bees knees something really good beetle crusher a boot; a foot behind bottom; buttocks berk a stupid person e.g. "you silly berk" bevvy a drink bit of fluff a pretty young single woman bill, the police, sometimes called "the old bill" binge a drinking bout bin liner garbage bag bin men garbage collectors bint a rough girl biro a ballpoint pen bit of alright something highly satisfactory black maria a police van black pudding a sausage like food made from - pigs blood - oats - fat black sheep of the family a relative who gets into trouble with the police blag a robbery; to rob blagger a robber Blighty England blimey ! an expression of surprise blob a contraceptive blotto drunk blower telephone
blow your own trumpet to brag; to boast blubber to cry bobby dazzler a remarkable person or thing bog a toilet, a washroom bollock naked stark naked bollocks testicles bonce head bonk to copulate bonnet hood of a car bookie betting shop owner boot trunk of a car boracic penniless bosch a derogative term for germans bovver trouble bovver boot a heavy boot, possibly with a toe cap and laces quite often worn by skinheads bovver boy a hooligan; a troublemaker brass monkey weather cold, taken from the phrase, "it's cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey" breakdown van a tow truck brickie a bricklayer brill ! short form of brilliant, meaning fantastic brolly an umbrella browned off bored; fed up Brummy a native of Birmingham bubble and squeak fried cabbage and potatoes bubbly champagne bugger all nothing; very little bumf toilet paper this led to 'bumf' being used for superfluous papers, letters etc. bumming a fag requesting a cigarette e.g. "Can I bum a fag from you mate ?" Note: This has a VERY different meaning in the U.S. bunch of fives a fist "button it !" "be quiet !" caff a cafe cake hole a person's mouth cardy abbreviation of cardigan champers champagne char tea; a domestic worker cheeky monkey a rude person cheesed off bored; fed up chin chin a drinking toast chippy a fish and chip shop; a carpenter chokey prison chuffed very pleased or proud clapped out worn out, broken clappers to go very fast; to work hard e.g. That car goes like the clappers ! e.g. I have to work like the clappers to finish it by lunchtime ! clickety click 66 in bingo calling clink prison clinker somebody who is outstanding clobber clothing clodhopper a clumsy person clogger a soccer player who tackles heavily clot a fool cloth-ears a person with a poor sense of hearing cobblers testicles; rubbish cock and bull a story with very little truth in it cock up to ruin something e.g. "it was a real cock-up" e.g. "haved you cocked it up ?" coffin nail a cigarette conk nose conkers a childrens game played with horse chestnuts copper police man/woman cough up to pay crackers crazy cracking great; fantastic crackling a woman who is regarded as a sexual object crate an old name for a very old plane create to make a fuss or an angry scene crown jewels male genitalia crumbly an old or senile person crumpet a desirable woman dabs fingerprints daft stupid dark horse somebody who suprises others by their actions des res Estate agents use this to describe a "desirable residence" dial face dickie bow a bow tie diddicoy a gipsy dip a pickpocket dishy good looking do a runner to leave quickly avoiding punishment doddle easy dog's bollocks something really good dog's breakfast a mess donkey's breakfast a straw hat doodah to be in a state of excitement e.g. "He was all in a doodah !" doolally scatter-brained; crazy doorstep a thick sandwich dosh money doss house a cheap lodging house dosser a tramp do the dirty on to play a mean trick on dough money droopy drawers an untidy or sloppy person drop a sprog have a baby drum a house or flat duffer a stupid person dummy a baby's pacifier earful to get a shouting e.g. "My mum gave me a right earful !" easy-peasy something very simple earner a lucrative job or task elevenses morning tea break extracting the urine see "taking the piss" fab fabulous; wonderful face-ache a miserable looking person fag cigarette fag-end a cigarette butt fairy a homosexual man family jewels male genitalia fanny female genitalia fence a receiver of stolen goods filth, the police fishy about the gills looking the worse for drink fizzog face flake a stick that is made up of flaky pieces of chocolate flicks, the the cinema flog to sell footy football; soccer fuzz, the police gamboll a somersault done on the ground gamp an umbrella gentleman's gentleman a valet Geordie a native of Newcastle gift of the gab being very free with speech git an insult e.g. "You stupid git !" give it a whirl try it out give someone the pip to get on someone's nerves gob mouth gobsmacked speechless goes like stink very fast good nick very good condition gooseberry a fifth wheel goosegog a gooseberry go to the dogs to go to ruin grass, grasser an informant hang about wait a moment hell for leather very fast hols holidays home and dry to be safe hush silence inexpressibles trousers in good fettle in good health in the altogether nude in the know to have inside information in the noddy nude jam packed very full jar a drink, usually a pint of beer jelly jello jerry a chamber pot jerry builder a builder of unsubstantial houses Jock a scottish person Jonah a bringer of bad luck jumped up to be conceited jumper sweater keep you hair on please calm down kick the bucket to die kissed the Blarney Stone a person who tells tall stories knackered tired, worn out derived from horses being taken to the 'knackers yard' knockers breasts leg it ! quick lets run ! legless drunk like a rat out of a very fast drainpipe load of bollocks you're talking crap utter nonesense loo a toilet; a washroom Liverpudlian a native of Liverpool (also see Scouser) lorry a truck man in blue a policeman marmite a spread for sandwiches me old cock my old friend meat and two veg. male genitalia mind your P's and Q's to be careful; to be polite moggy cat mom`s the word it's a secret between you and me can be abbreviated to "Keep mom !" money for jam an easy job money for old rope an easy job mother's ruin gin mucker mate, friend mucky pup someone who has soiled themselves e.g. "You mucky pup !" mug face mutton chops side whiskers nancy boy an effeminate male nark a police informer nightie a nightdress nick prison; to steal e.g "Hey, my bike's been nicked !" nick, the prison nincompoop a fool nipper a young or small child nippy (1) fast, or (2) cold e.g. (1) "that car is nippy !" e.g. (2) "it's nippy out today" nix nothing none too easy very difficult e.g. "that exam was none too easy !" nosey parker somebody who is nosey not bad very good not so hot not very good, awful old man father old girl mother old lady mother one in the oven pregnant, also "a bun in the oven", "up the plum duff" and "in the pudding club" on spec on chance on the nod on credit on the razzle dressed up and looking for sex on the tap looking for sex on your bike! go away! out for a duck obtained a zero score Paddy an Irishman paralitic to be drunk pavement sidewalk pictures, the the cinema pick-me-up a tonic pie eyed to be drunk pigs, the police pigs breakfast a mess pigs ear a mess pig in muck somebody in their element e.g. "he is as happy as a pig in muck" pillock an insult pinny apron pissed drunk pissed off to be annoyed e.g. "I was pissed off !" e.g. "He really pissed me off !" The US replace "pissed off" with "pissed" alone. piss head somebody who is drunk quite often plastered drunk e.g. "He's plastered !" play hookey to play truant plimpsolls childrens non-laced sneakers plod police man/woman plonk cheap wine e.g. "This plonk's not bad !" plonker (1) penis, (2) fool e.g. "you silly plonker !" plus fours trousers ponce a homosexual pong a bad smell pooh pooh to reject an idea e.g. "He pooh pooh'd my idea !" pools, the a weekly betting game based on the outcome of soccer matches; run by Vernons and Littlewoods (and possibly others) pratt an insult e.g. "you stupid pratt !" preggers pregnant pudding dessert pull a bird meet a woman; pick up a girl quite often shortened to 'pull' e.g. "Did you pull ?" pull a fast one to fool or swindle somebody pull a pint hand pump beer into a glass pull a stroke to outsmart pull the other one I don't believe you short form of "pull the other one, it has bells on" pull your pud to masterbate pumps running shoes punter a customer purse a ladies wallet put a sock in it to be quiet put the anchors on to apply the brakes; to slow down put the boot in to beat somebody up put the kibosh on to put a stop to something put the wind up to scare Queer Street where you are if you don't have any money quiff a fancy hairstyle randy horny rave up a good party readies cash ropey flaky or dodgey rozzer policeman rug a wig; a toupee rubbed the wrong way to upset somebody salt a sailor same to you with brass usually said in response to a derogatory knobs on !! remark sarnie a sandwich scab a strike breaker scallywag a mischevious person scarper to run away fast, possibly avoiding punishment Scouser a native of Liverpool (see also Liverpudlian) scrap a fight scrubber a cheap or loose woman shag to copulate shake a leg to get a move on shall I be mother ? shall I pour the tea ? sheckels money silly arse a foolish person skivvy a domestic servant slash to urinate e.g. "I'm going for a slash." smalls underwear smart alec a clever person snifter a drink of spirit snog to kiss snuff it to die sod derogatory remark, derived from sodomy soldiers bread cut into thin strips for dipping into a boiled egg so stick that in your usually said after a derogatory remark pipe and smoke it ! sozzled drunk spam a rather tasteless form of tinned meat spanner a wrench sparky an electrician splice the main-brace to drink spread a good meal; a feast sprog a young child or baby, could also mean illegitimate spud a potato squiffed drunk stewed drunk strides trousers, pants subway an underpass a pedestrian walkway beneath a road swag stolen money; a thief's plunder swing the lead a malingerer swizz a swindle or cheat swot somebody who studies ta thankyou Taffy a Welshman ta muchly thankyou very much Tandy Radio Shack take French leave to leave without permission taking the piss making fun of tea leaf thief terminus the end of the bus route the smoke London three sheets in the wind drunk Tic Tac Man a bookmakers signaller ticker the heart tights pantyhose "Time gentlemen please !" Usually said as the pub is closing, so as to request that the patrons finish their drinks. tip a mess e.g. "Your room is a tip !" toff a posh person tomato sauce ketchup Tommy Rot nonsense top sad extremely bad torch flashlight tosser see wanker toss pot one who drinks too much trainers running shoes trollop not a nice girl trousers pants tube London Underground tuck in schools it means cake, crisps, sweets etc. turf accountant betting shop owner turn-ups trouser cuffs turps turpentine under the weather ill; sick unmentionables underwear vest a man's undershirt wag a joker wagging it to play truant wallflower a woman who does not dance wanger penis wanker infers that the subject masturbates weed a weak person welly wanging the art of throwing wellington boots white elephant a valuable, but useless article willies, the nerves willow a cricket bat willy penis wings fenders of a car Winkle Pickers shoes with pointed toes wireless a radio wishy washy feeble; stupid
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY Charlie Gillett, The Sound of the City: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 2nd ed., newly illustrated and expanded (1996), Chapman, Robert L. American Slang. HarperPerennial, 1987. Abridged edition of the New Dictionary of American Slang (Harper, 1986). The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia, Third Edition Copyright © 1994, Columbia University Press. Dictionary of contemporary slang - Tony Thorne. The Encarta World English Dictionary, published by St. Martin's Press. 1999 Flexner, Stuart Berg, and Anne H. Soukhanov. Speaking Freely: A Guided Tour of American English from Plymouth Rock to Silicon Valley. Oxford University Press, 1997. Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century (1989), Jon Savage, England's Dreaming: Sex Pistols and Punk Rock (1991) Lighter, Jonathan E.; J. Ball; and J. O'Connor, eds. Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang. Random House, 1994 . Mark Hale, HeadBangers: The Worldwide Megabook of Heavy Metal Bands (1993) Mark Slobin, Subcultural Sounds: Micromusics of the West (1993) The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th Edition © 1985, Britannica Corporation The Oxford dictionary of modern slang - John Ayto / John Simpson.Published by Oxford University Press. 1992. Partridge, Eric. Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Macmillan, 1985. A classic, with 7,500 entries; first published in 1937. Peter van der Merwe, Origins of the Popular Style (1989, reissued 1992), Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc
Wentworth, Harold and Flexner, Stuart Berg. Dictionary of American Slang. Crowell, 2d ed., 1975. А. Кокарев “Панк-рок от А до Я”, Москва, “Музыка”, 1992
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